", Kara Rapor 2020: Hava Kirlilii ve Salk Etkileri, "Major cities blighted by nitrogen dioxide pollution, research finds | Air pollution", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 14531924, Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=1157306094, This page was last edited on 27 May 2023, at 19:29. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century. ; to palaces like the Great Palace of Constantinople and its Mosaic Museum, the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus, Boukoleon Palace and Palace of Blachernae; and other public places and buildings like the Hippodrome, the Augustaion, the Basilica Cistern, Theodosius Cistern, Cistern of Philoxenos and Cistern of the Hebdomon, the Aqueduct of Valens, the Prison of Anemas, the Walls of Constantinople and the Porta Aurea (Golden Gate), among numerous others. Istanbul vs. Sofia - Comparison of sizes [339] Private bus companies still operation to this day. [73], A period of rebellion at the start of the 19th century led to the rise of the progressive Sultan Mahmud II and eventually to the Tanzimat period, which produced political reforms and allowed new technology to be introduced to the city. [265] Several other indoor arenas, including the Beikta Akatlar Arena, have also been inaugurated since 2000, serving as the home courts of Istanbul's sports clubs. [13] Suleiman the Magnificent's reign from 1520 to 1566 was a period of especially great artistic and architectural achievement; chief architect Mimar Sinan designed several iconic buildings in the city, while Ottoman arts of ceramics, stained glass, calligraphy, and miniature flourished. Historians disagreesometimes substantiallyon population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century. [15] In 2019, Ambarl, on the western edge of the urban center, had an annual capacity of 3,104,882 TEUs, making it the third-largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean basin. [334][335] After Istanbul's Haydarpaa Terminal opened in 1908, it served as the western terminus of the Baghdad Railway and an extension of the Hejaz Railway; today, neither service is offered directly from Istanbul. [362][clarification needed], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. A great tool for educators. In this case, knowing the Turkish Size Chart will help you to choose the correct size of dresses, jeans, shoes etc. What is the difference between Istanbul and Ankara? [276][277], Most state-run radio and television stations are based in Ankara, but Istanbul is the primary hub of Turkish media. [327], DO (Istanbul Seabuses) runs a combination of all-passenger ferries and car-and-passenger ferries to ports on both sides of the Bosphorus, as far north as the Black Sea. Find out which is better and their overall performance in the city ranking. To date, no definitive plans have been approved. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) - 69.63 sq. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. [15] In 2019, companies based in Istanbul produced exports worth $83.66 billion and received imports totaling $128.34 billion; these figures were equivalent to 47 percent and 61 percent, respectively, of the national totals. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. p. 236. In: goston, Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters. Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture. In the re-run mamolu gathered 54.22% of the total vote and widened the defeat margin. Istanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) No description found. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. [197], Administratively, Istanbul is divided into 39 districts, more than any other province in Turkey. [189] In large part due to emigration to Israel, the Jewish population in the city dropped from 100,000 in 1950[190] to 15,000 in 2021. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. It handled 61.3 million passengers in 2015, which made it the third-busiest airport in Europe and the 18th-busiest in the world in that year. Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[340][341]. Beikta JK, established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs. With its focus now solely on music and dance, the Istanbul Festival has been known as the Istanbul International Music Festival since 1994. Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[163] to 856,377 in 2019. [249], The Princes' Islands, 15 kilometers (9mi) from the city center, are also popular for their seafood restaurants. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations.October 6 is marked as Tehran Day based on a 2016 decision by members of the City Council . Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. Uncategorized. The three serpent heads of the 8-meter (26ft) high column remained intact until the end of the 17th century (one is on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums). [82] The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 and the Allies occupied Constantinople on 13 November 1918. [287], In 2015, more than 57,000 students attended 7,934 schools,[288] including the renowned Galatasaray High School, Kabata Erkek Lisesi, and Istanbul Lisesi. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). Istanbul Province sends 98 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which has a total of 600 seats. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. Istanbul London vs Istanbul Informations London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. 13.4 million foreign tourists visited the city in 2018, making Istanbul the world's fifth most-visited city in that year. Since 2004, the municipal boundaries of Istanbul have been coincident with the boundaries of its province. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. [182] As of 2019, an estimated 18,000 of the country's 25,000 Christian Assyrians live in Istanbul.[183]. 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[324] The Marmaray tunnel together with the suburban railways lines along the Sea of Marmara, form the intercontinental commuter rail line in Istanbul, named officially B1, from Halkal on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. [330] The city's main cruise ship terminal is the Port of Istanbul in Karaky, with a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour. Istanbul has a population density of 2,523 people per square kilometer (6,530/sq mi), far greater than Turkey's density of 102 people per square kilometer. [304] Laser eye surgery is particularly common among medical tourists, as Turkey is known for specializing in the procedure. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. Necdet Sakaolu (1993/94a): "stanbul'un adlar" ["The names of Istanbul"]. [168][178], Into the 19th century, the Christians of Istanbul tended to be either Greek Orthodox, members of the Armenian Apostolic Church or Catholic Levantines. [296], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. [232] Istanbul also became the heart of Turkey's nascent film industry, although Turkish films were not consistently developed until the 1950s. We'll show you the perimeters of two different countries on the same map to see their real size. When visiting Istanbul, it will be helpful to know a bit about the system of measurement, temperature and clothing size. Along stiklal Avenue is the iek Pasaj (Flower Passage), a 19th-century shopping gallery which is today home to winehouses (known as meyhanes), pubs and restaurants. [157] Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 12th century. [303] Turkey has more hospitals accredited by the U.S.-based Joint Commission than any other country in the world, with most concentrated in its big cities. Turkish Straits and Sea of Marmara play a vital role for migrating fish and other marine animals between Mediterranean, Marmara and Black Sea. [130] The Hagia Sophia stood as the world's largest cathedral in the world until it was converted into a mosque in the 15th century. Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. Istanbul-based Star TV was the first private television network to be established following the end of the TRT monopoly; Star TV and Show TV (also based in Istanbul) remain highly popular throughout the country, airing Turkish and American series. [95][96], As with virtually every part of the world, climate change is causing more heatwaves,[99] droughts,[100] storms,[101] and flooding[102][103] in Istanbul. A follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974, In the Ottoman period the inner core of the city, inside the city walls, came to be known as "stanbul" in Turkish and "Stamboul" in the West. Modern authors have linked it to the Thracian toponym Lygos,[31] mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. Despite the generally acceptable temperature range, however, mid-summer in Istanbul is considered moderately uncomfortable, due to high dew points and relative humidity. Their prevalence has increased significantly over the last decade, as the percentage of outpatients using private hospitals increased from 6 percent to 23 percent between 2005 and 2009. [citation needed], Istanbul had the eleventh-largest economy among the world's urban areas in 2018, and is responsible for 30 percent of Turkey's industrial output,[205] 31 percent of GDP,[205] and 47 percent of tax revenues. [70], Social hierarchy was ignored by the rampant plague, which killed the rich and the poor alike in the 16th century. istanbul size comparison. Istanbul 92 points New York Comparison winner vs 98 facts in comparison Istanbul vs New York Istanbul New York How does Istanbul compare to New York? The 47-hectare (120-acre) park was later owned by Khedive Ismail Pasha of Ottoman Egypt and Sudan in the 19th century. [149][152] The Provincial Administration's duties are largely limited to the building and maintenance of schools, residences, government buildings, and roads, and the promotion of arts, culture, and nature conservation. [160][161] The city's annual population growth of 1.5 percent ranks as one of the highest among the seventy-eight largest metropolises in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. [90] The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development, with over 500,000 vulnerable buildings demolished and replaced since 2012. Mirroring the executive committee at the municipal level, the Provincial Executive Committee includes a secretary-general and leaders of departments that advise the Provincial Parliament. Many of the city's most popular and upscale seafood restaurants line the shores of the Bosporus (particularly in neighborhoods like Ortaky, Bebek, Arnavutky, Yeniky, Beylerbeyi and engelky). "Istanbul." [350] In a study that examined urban flora in Kartal, a total of 576 plant taxa were recorded; of those 477 were natural and 99 were exotic and cultivated. [77] The modernization efforts were not enough to forestall the decline of the Ottoman Empire. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. Small settlements adjacent to major population centers in Turkey, including Istanbul, were merged into their respective primary cities during the early 1980s, resulting in metropolitan municipalities. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with a vast building scheme that included the construction of towering mosques and ornate palaces. [318] It still carries passengers between Karaky and stiklal Avenue along a steep 573-meter (1,880ft) track; a more modern funicular between Taksim Square and Kabata began running in 2006. The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on 24 July 1923, and the occupation of Constantinople ended with the departure of the last forces of the Allies from the city on 4 October 1923. [352] Bluefish, bonito, sea bass, horse mackerel and anchovies composes the economically important species. Large sections of Caddebostan sit on areas of landfill, increasing the total area of the city to 5,343 square kilometers (2,063sqmi). It is located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. [71] Although the Sultan lived at a safe remove from the masses, and the wealthy and poor tended to live side by side, for the most part Istanbul was not zoned as modern cities are. [230] These museums have yet to attain the popularity of older museums on the historic peninsula, including the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, which ushered in the era of modern museums in Turkey, and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum. [168], Istanbul has been a cosmopolitan city throughout much of its history, but it has become more homogenized since the end of the Ottoman era. [67] He also invited people from all over Europe to his capital, creating a cosmopolitan society that persisted through much of the Ottoman period. The first use of the word Islambol (Ottoman Turkish: ) on coinage was in 1730 during the reign of Sultan Mahmud I. "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City." [153] Ali Yerlikaya has been the Governor of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018. [285] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. Beijing Daxing International Airport, scheduled to open in September, also cost $12 billion. Istanbul is home to some of Turkey's oldest sports clubs. [24] A person from the city is an stanbullu (plural: stanbullular); Istanbulite is used in English. [39] The city experienced a brief period of Persian rule at the turn of the 5th century BCE, but the Greeks recaptured it during the Greco-Persian Wars. The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive. The current city structure can be traced back to the Tanzimat period of reform in the 19th century, before which Islamic judges and imams led the city under the auspices of the Grand Vizier. Its early incarnations were aimed at showcasing Turkish visual art, and it has since opened to international artists and risen in prestige to join the elite biennales, alongside the Venice Biennale and the So Paulo Art Biennial.[238]. [310] The O-7[311] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. [223], Istanbul was historically known as a cultural hub, but its cultural scene stagnated after the Turkish Republic shifted its focus toward Ankara. This tool allows you to compare the true size of countries. [180] Following Greek migration to the city for work in the 2010s, the Greek population rose to nearly 3,000 in 2019, still greatly diminished since 1919, when it stood at 350,000. The O-1 forms the city's inner ring road, traversing the 15 July Martyrs (First Bosphorus) Bridge, and the O-2 is the city's outer ring road, crossing the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. [205] Trade is economically important, accounting for 30 percent of the economic output in the city. [71] Opulent houses shared the same streets and districts with tiny hovels. [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. In: Edhem, Eldem. Pera (now Beyolu) was the first area of the city to have its own director and council, with members instead being longtime residents of the neighborhood. mamolu won the vote with 48.77% of the vote, against Yldrm's 48.61%, but the elections were controversially annulled by the Supreme Electoral Council due to AKP's claim of electoral fraud. [125] The lower part of the obelisk was damaged in antiquity, probably during its transport to Alexandria in 357 CE or during its re-erection at the Hippodrome of Constantinople in 390 CE. 19.2C vs 18.2C 1.9C higher average temperature? When it was held for the first time in 2003, the annual Istanbul Pride became the first gay pride event in a Muslim-majority country. The 4th century Harbor of Theodosius in Yenikap, once the busiest port in Constantinople, was among the numerous archeological discoveries that took place during the excavations of the Marmaray tunnel.[26]. One-fifth of all district council members, including the district mayors, also represent their districts in the Municipal Council. As of 2019[update] the city's mean air quality remains of a level so as to affect the heart and lungs of healthy street bystanders during peak traffic hours,[360] and almost 200 days of pollution were measured by the air pollution sensors at Sultangazi, Mecidiyeky, Alibeyky and Kathane. [318] Operated by Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnels General Management (ETT), trams slowly returned to the city in the 1990s with the introduction of a nostalgic route and a faster modern tram line, which now carries 265,000 passengers each day. Popular during the summer among Istanbulites is Belgrad Forest, spreading across 5,500 hectares (14,000 acres) at the northern edge of the city. omparison of cities New York and Istanbul by area and population. [233] Since then, Istanbul has been the most popular location to film Turkish dramas and comedies. [26] The oldest known human settlement on the Asian side is the Fikirtepe Mound near Kadky, with relics dating to c. 5500-3500 BCE (Chalcolithic period). The Byzantine Empire was restored, albeit weakened, in 1261. Following the model of French cities, this religious system was replaced by a mayor and a citywide council composed of representatives of the confessional groups (millet) across the city. MetaBallStudios. This was followed by nonobservant people with 26% who identified with a religion but generally did not practise its requirements. Istanbul had three large international airports, two of which currently serve commercial passenger flights. [43] Five years later, Severus began to rebuild Byzantium, and the city regainedand, by some accounts, surpassedits previous prosperity. 11% stated they were fully devoted to their religion, meanwhile 6% were non-believers who did not believe the rules and requirements of a religion. [61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. [135] In 1639, Murad IV made some of the most lavish additions, including the Baghdad Kiosk, to commemorate his conquest of Baghdad the previous year. Both cities have their own distinctive appeal and attractiveness, despite the fact that they are very different in terms of geography . Environmentalist groups worry that the third bridge will endanger the remaining green areas to the north of Istanbul. The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. [185] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. [169][170] According to a 2019 KONDA study, Kurds constituted around 17% of Istanbul's adult total population who were Turkish citizens. [248], Istanbul is known for its historic seafood restaurants. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. [274][unreliable source?] Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). [134] The present palace grew over the centuries as a series of additions enfolding four courtyards and blending neoclassical, rococo, and baroque architectural forms. Tip of the city is an stanbullu ( plural: stanbullular ) ; Istanbulite is used in.... Foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in [. [ 163 ] to 856,377 in 2019, shoes etc in 2000 Istanbul... Of government, jeans, shoes etc O-7 [ 311 ] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is considered the of! York city ( US ) no description found has been known as the Istanbul Festival has the... 'S cultural heart, Istanbul is primarily known for specializing in the municipal boundaries of its province track and.. Restored, albeit weakened, in 1261 overall performance in the procedure 1993/94a ) ``! 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istanbul size comparison